Optimizing cranial implant and fixture design using different materials in cranioplasty

Cranial implants are used to secure intracranial structures, reconstruct the skull contour, normalise cerebral haemodynamic and repair cranial defects. Larger bone defects require intervention for from an implant made autologous or other material. To such using implants, materials necessitate biocompatibility with natural bone. Patient-specific designed specific following standard procedures design, fabrication cranioplasty. Autologous bone, cement comprising hydroxyapatite, polymethyl methacrylate, medical-grade titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) polyether-ether-ketone, widely fabricate patient-specific repairing different types of optimize a shape, size weight, it is essential design 3D modelling techniques. Effective attachment material defective also influenced by joints fixture arrangements at interface, these fixtures can be various types, have joining procedures. In this study, comparative analysis (autologous PMMA, polyether-ether-ketone Ti-6Al-4V) attached Ti-6Al-4V plates has been performed, finite element analysis. Two designs were as square ‘X’ linear shapes, which fixed along interface between skull. Four symmetrically boundary maximising stability. The findings suggested that all able sustain extreme conditions external loads 1780 N pressure 15 mmHg without failures. Polyether-ether-ketone exhibited 13.5–35% lower von Mises stresses in comparison provided higher stress-relieving results Linear nearly 18.4% 10.9% material, thereby, encouraging alternative conventional materials.